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INSPIRE (Infrastructure for Spatial Information stands for in Europe) is a Directive (2007/2 / EC of 14 March 2007) of the European Parliament and of the Council of the European Union, which aims to be a support to the drafting of policies thatThey may have a direct or indirect impact on the environment. INSPIRE is based on the interoperability of spatial data infrastructures created by the member states. This European directive came into force on 15 May 2007. Italy is implemented by the Legislative Decree no. 32/2010 “Implementation of Directive 2007/2 / EC establishing an Infrastructure for Spatial Information in the European Community (INSPIRE) “.
Challenges related to lack of availability, quality, organization, accessibility and sharing of spatial information are common to a large number of activities and policies that interface with various levels of government in the European Union. To solve these problems it is necessary to adopt measures of coordination between the users and providers of spatial information.
INSPIRE is based on the infrastructures for spatial information established and operated by Member States.
To support the creation of a European infrastructure were specified the following infrastructure components: metadata, interoperability of spatial data sets (as described in Annexes I, II, III of the Directive), the services of spatial data, the network services, services of data sharing, monitoring procedures and reporting.
INSPIRE does not require collection of new data, however, after the period specified in the Directive, Member States must make available their data in the manner of execution.[1]
For interoperability in INSPIRE is the ability to combine spatial data from different sources across the Community in a consistent way. It is important to note that “interoperability” is understood as access to spatial data sets through network services, usually over the Internet. Interoperability can be achieved or changing (harmonizing) existing data or transforming them through the services for publication in INSPIRE.
To facilitate the implementation of INSPIRE is important that all stakeholders involved have the opportunity to participate in the specification phase and development. For this reason, the Commission has put in place a process of consensus-building that involves users and providers together with representatives of industry, research and government. These actors, organized through Spatial Data Interest Communities (SDIC) and Legally Mandated Organisations (LMOs) [2] have provided reference materials, splitting it into Specification Drafting Team (SDT) [3], Thematic Working Groups (TWG) [4] and other technical groups sectoral ad-hoc, participating in stakeholder consultations.
This open and participatory approach was used successfully during the development of Annexes I, II and III as well as during the preparation of rules on the interoperability of spatial data sets and related services [5]. The development framework developed by each SDT aims to maintain consistent technical specifications of the different themes. It summarizes the methodology to be used for infrastructure development data, providing a consistent set of requirements and recommendations useful for interoperability. The pillars of the framework are the following technical documentation:
The structure of the “Data Specification” is based on the ISO 19131 “Geographic Information – Data product specification“, it includes the technical documentation of the application schema, the various types of space objects with their properties, and other specific data themes territorial.
INSPIRE in the Glossary defines all terms necessary for understanding of the records within the terminology derived from other components (metadata, network services, data sharing and monitoring). The Data Specification, version 3.0, are published as technical guidelines useful to provide the basis for structuring the implementing rule on the interoperability of spatial dataset. The content of the implementing rule is extracted from the Data Specification, taking into account feasibility in the short and medium term, as well as considerations of cost-effectiveness. The requirements included in the implementing rule are legally binding on the United States according to the timeline specified in the INSPIRE directive. In addition to providing a basis for interoperability of spatial data to INSPIRE, the Data Specification, provide a framework for development on specific issues so that data can be reused in other environments at local, regional, national and global levels contributing to to improve consistency and interoperability of data of spatial data infrastructures.
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[1] Within 2 years of the adoption of the corresponding implementing rules for data freshly picked and extensively renovated and within 5 years for other data in electronic format still in use.
[2] The list of members is available on the website INSPIRE
[3] Each SDT is made up of experts from Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Switzerland, United Kingdom, and the European Environment Agency (European Environment Agency)
[4] The thematic working groups set out in Annex II and III consist of experts from Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Netherlands, Norway, Poland , Romania, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, European Commission and European Environment Agency
[5] Regulation (EU) No 1089/2010 implementing Directive 2007/2 / EC of the Parliament and of the Council as regards interoperability of spatial data sets and services, published in the Official Journal of the European Union December 8, 2010
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