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Skip to content Home » Sismica » Nel 2018 in Italia ci sono stati 23.180 terremoti Come ogni anno la Rete Sismica Nazionale (RSN) dell’INGV ha redatto un’interessante mappa che racchiude tutti gli eventi sismici avvenuti nella nostra penisola durante l’anno appena trascorso. Nel corso del 2018 la RSN ha localizzato 23180 terremoti sul territorio italiano e nelle zone limitrofe, una media di oltre 63 eventi al giorno, poco meno di 3 ogni ora, uno ogni 20 minuti .
Dati assolutamente nella norma per un territorio altamente sismico come quello italiano, ma in realtà i terremoti che avvengono nel nostro paese sono molti di più. Da questa analisi vengono infatti esclusi i cosiddetti micro-terremoti , ovvero quelli che rimangono al di sotto della soglia di rilevamento, anche se INGV è in grado di localizzare accuratamente eventi di magnitudo inferiore a 1.0. Ma vediamo nel dettaglio l’analisi realizzata dalla RSN, confrontando l’anno appena trascorso con quelli precedenti e descrivendo le sequenze sismiche più importanti.
Il confronto con il 2017 I terremoti localizzati nel 2018 sono in numero decisamente minore rispetto a quelli identificati in Italia negli ultimi due anni. Nel 2016 si erano superati i 53.000 eventi localizzati, con una media giornaliera di circa 145, mentre nel 2017 il numero totale era sceso intorno ai 44.000 , con una media giornaliera di circa 120, quasi il doppio di quest’anno. Questa diminuzione soprattutto tra 2017 e 2018 è in buona parte dovuta al calo di repliche, in gergo aftershocks , della sequenza in Italia centrale, iniziata il 24 agosto 2016.
ingvterremoti.wordpress.com Il numero annuale di eventi nel 2018 è tornato a valori simili a quelli precedenti al 2016, anno in cui si è attivata la sequenza in Italia centrale, anche se, spiega l’INGV, quest’ultima non può ancora ritenersi del tutto conclusa . Infatti, degli oltre 23.000 terremoti rilevati dalla RSN nel 2018, poco più della metà possono essere considerati delle repliche della sequenza in Italia centrale.
I numeri del 2018 Nel 2018 ci sono stati solamente 3 eventi di magnitudo maggiore o uguale a 5.0 , di cui due di questi sono avvenuti in Montenegro e Albania e solo 1 in Italia, nella provincia di Campobasso. 20 eventi hanno avuto magnitudo tra 4.0 e 4.9, 4 di questi avvenuti nei mari circostanti e nei Paesi limitrofi, mentre 5 sono avvenuti nell’area etnea. 214 sono stati gli eventi di magnitudo tra 3.0 e 3.9, mentre 2475 quelli di magnitudo maggiore o uguale a 2.0. Come si nota quindi circa il 90% dei terremoti localizzati in Italia nel 2018 hanno avuto magnitudo minore di 2.0, il che vuol dire che probabilmente non sono stati avvertiti dalla popolazione salvo qualche eccezione, per esempio in caso di ipocentri molto superficiali in prossimità di aree abitate.
ingvterremoti.wordpress.com Come accaduto negli anni precedenti, anche nel 2018 la maggior parte dei terremoti si è manifestata raggruppandosi nel tempo e nello spazio . Considerando anche i raggruppamenti (cluster) di soli due eventi, troviamo che oltre l’80% degli eventi è associato a un cluster, mentre solo 3400 sono eventi isolati. Questi cluster, che sono oltre 700, comprendono sia sequenze lunghe molti mesi che “doppiette” di eventi che avvengono a distanza di pochi minuti uno dall’altro. La sequenza più lunga e con il maggior numero di eventi è quella associata all’area di Amatrice-Visso-Norcia , che copre tutto l’anno e prosegue nel 2019, con un totale di 14974 eventi.
La sequenza nell’Italia Centrale La maggior parte dei terremoti italiani del 2018, circa il 60%, è avvenuta nella zona della sequenza del 2016. Nel 2018 l’attività è diminuita decisamente rispetto al 2017 e al 2016 , sia come numero di scosse che come eventi più forti. Come si vede in figura sotto, l’attività nel 2018 (simboli rossi) si è concentrata proprio al bordo settentrionale della sequenza, estendendo di qualche chilometro l’area attiva. Sia l’attività 2017 (simboli arancio) che quella 2018 (rossi) si sono manifestate ai bordi della struttura attiva nel 2016 (simboli blu), come spesso accade nelle fasi tardive di una sequenza, a causa probabilmente di un trasferimento di sforzo verso i bordi, seguito all’attivazione delle faglie principali di agosto e ottobre 2016.
ingvterremoti.wordpress.com La sequenza in Molise La provincia di Campobasso è stata interessata da una sequenza durata dall’11 aprile al 9 maggio 2018, con circa 40 eventi e una magnitudo massima pari a Mw 4.3 il 25 aprile. L’attività sismica è ripresa il 14 agosto 2018, con l’evento di magnitudo Mw 4.6, e culminata con l’evento del 16 agosto di magnitudo Mw 5.1. Ha avuto una durata tecnica di circa 100 giorni, con circa 600 eventi.
ingvterremoti.wordpress.com La sequenza in area etnea L’area del vulcano Etna è oggetto di attività sismica pressoché continua, principalmente a causa delle deformazioni indotte dai fenomeni magmatici profondi. Nel 2018 l’attività ha interessato in modo irregolare tutta la struttura del vulcano , con una concentrazione maggiore nei settori orientale e meridionale. In queste aree si sono avuti i terremoti più forti, incluso il massimo evento registrato il 26 dicembre con magnitudo Mw 4.9 nell’area di Viagrande (CT).
ingvterremoti.wordpress.com Le conclusioni Nel 2018 non ci sono stati terremoti che hanno provocato danni ingenti ed estesi nel territorio nazionale. Questo non diminuisce la pericolosità sismica del nostro paese che rimane elevata: un evento di magnitudo importante può avvenire ovunque e in qualunque momento . E’ anzi questo il momento per informarsi sulla sismicità della zona in cui si vive, di valutare la vulnerabilità della propria casa, di apprendere quali siano i comportamenti corretti da assumere prima, durante e dopo una scossa di terremoto. Il lavoro svolto dalla Rete Sismica Nazionale dell’INGV è encomiabile: a nome della nostra redazione invito tutti i nostri lettori a visitare costantemente il loro sito web, facilmente raggiungibile a questo link .
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